If your business exports goods from the UK into the US, it’s vital that you understand how to navigate US import regulations. The process can be complex, but it’s unavoidable. So, what do you need to know before you begin shipping air freight to USA?
9 Steps for Navigating US Import Regulations
Register with the US Customs and Border Protection
Before you can send air freight to the USA from the UK, you have to have an Importer Number. This is provided by US Customs and Border Protection (CBP). So, the first phase of your exporting journey will begin with registering with the CBP.
To file your documentation, you can use the Automated Commercial Environment (ACE). This is an online system specifically created to enable businesses to electronically file import-related documents.
Classify your goods
Goods imported into the US are classified under specific tariff codes. Businesses must correctly classify their products using the Harmonized Tariff Schedule (HTS) to determine the applicable duty rates and regulations. So, before sending a shipping container to USA, UK businesses must ensure they’re familiar with HTS codes and verify the classification of their products. Misclassification can lead to penalties or incorrect duty payments. So, it’s always worth doing your research first.
Import duties and taxes
As with any other destination, if you’re sending air freight to USA, you’ll have to navigate customs. And that means paying duties. US import duties are calculated based on the product’s value, country of origin, and classification. Depending upon the US state into which the goods are imported, your freight may also be subject to US sales taxes.
Trade agreements and tariffs
This is a contentious and changing topic at the time of writing. Trade agreements and tariffs are currently changing within the US. Making it prudent to stay informed and to check tariff details before organising a shipment.
Documentation
When you’re sending freight between the UK and US, you will be required to complete a range of mandatory documentation. This includes:
- Bill of Lading: A document that details the shipment and confirms the goods were shipped.
- Commercial Invoice – Outlining the price of the goods, this is required for customs declaration.
- Packing list – A detailed list of the contents of the shipment.
- Arrival notice – Notification from the carrier that the goods have arrived.
- Import/Entry Form (CBP 7501) – Used for the declaration of goods when entering the U.S.
If you are working with a freight forwarder, they may be able to help you with this documentation.
Food and Drug Administration and other agencies
If you’re importing food, beverages, pharmaceuticals, or medical devices, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA)has specific requirements regarding labelling, packaging, and safety standards. You must familiarise yourself with these standards. And ensure that your shipments adhere to them.
Depending on the type of goods you’re importing, you may also have to ensure that your shipments are compliant with other US agencies. This might include: the US Department of Agriculture (USDA), Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), or Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC).
Prohibited and Restricted Items
As with any other country, America has a list of items that are either restricted or fully prohibited from being imported into the US. These include certain agricultural products, counterfeit goods, and hazardous materials. It is vital that you are aware of this list and that your goods are not on it.
Import quotas
Certain products are subject to import quotas, meaning that America only allows a specific amount of certain goods to be imported each year. If you’re importing products in these categories, such as textiles or agricultural goods, make sure you understand quota limits and any related licensing requirements.
US state regulations
One of the most complicated things about doing business with the US is that regulations can vary by state. This might mean that you’re paying different sales taxes, or have to meet different product standards or labelling requirements in different states. So, you need to fully research your market before shipping.
The US can be a lucrative market for the UK. In 2024, we exported £182.6 billion worth of goods and services to the United States. But the process is not without its difficulties. So, before you organise your first shipment of freight between the UK and USA, don’t forget to check your paperwork. And maybe get in touch with a trusted freight forwarder to help you better navigate the process!
Get in touch to find out more about sending air freight between the UK and USA with Plexus Freight.
